{"id":641,"date":"2020-10-11T17:33:51","date_gmt":"2020-10-11T15:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/?p=641"},"modified":"2024-03-09T08:59:43","modified_gmt":"2024-03-09T07:59:43","slug":"er-modell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/er-modell\/","title":{"rendered":"Das Entity-Relationship (ER) &#8211; Modell"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>Das Entity-Relationship-<a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Entity-Relationship-Modell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modell<\/a> wird heute oft f\u00fcr die konzeptionelle Entwicklung von Datenbanken verwendet.<\/p>\r\n<h2>Entit\u00e4ten und Attribute im Entity-Relationship-Modell (Rechtecke und Ovale)<\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>Rechtecke<\/strong> (Entit\u00e4ten, Entity) symbolisieren Dinge, deren <span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>Charaktereigenschaften<\/strong> <\/span>(Attribute, attributs) in <strong>Ovale<\/strong> eingetragen werden. Wichtige Eigenschaften (Schl\u00fcsselattribute) &#8211; die eine Sache eindeutig identifizieren &#8211; werden unterstrichen..&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<table class=\"alignleft\" style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: ffcc33; border-style: solid;\" border=\"2\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Die <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Klasse <\/span><span style=\"color: #999999;\">5a <\/span><\/strong>hat <strong><span style=\"color: #999999;\">20<\/span> <\/strong>Sch\u00fcler und <span style=\"color: #333333;\"><strong>Lehrer<\/strong><\/span> mit <span style=\"color: #000000;\">lustigen<\/span> <span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>Namen<\/strong> <\/span>f\u00fcr unterschiedliche <span style=\"color: #999999;\"><strong>F\u00e4cher<\/strong><\/span>.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_667\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-667\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-667\" src=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt-2.jpg\" alt=\"Abb. 1: ER-Modell - Entit\u00e4ten und Attribute\" width=\"800\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt-2.jpg 702w, https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt-2-300x40.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-667\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abb. 1: ER-Modell &#8211; Entit\u00e4ten und Attribute<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2>Die Beziehungen im Entity-Relationship-Modell (Linien und Rauten)<\/h2>\r\n<p>Treten Objekte in eine Beziehung (engl. Relationship) werden sie mit einer Linie verbunden und die Aktion wird in einer <strong>Raute<\/strong> notiert.<\/p>\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: solid; border-color: ffcc33;\" border=\"2\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Klasse&nbsp;und Lehrer <strong>haben<\/strong> verschiedene Beziehungen.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffcc00;\"><strong>1 : 1 Beziehung: <\/strong><\/span>Eine Klasse hat einen Lehrer &#8211; Ein Lehrer hat eine Klasse.<\/h3>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_664\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-664\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-664\" src=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_1.jpg\" alt=\"Abb. 2: ER-Modell - 1 : 1 Beziehung\" width=\"800\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_1.jpg 702w, https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_1-300x40.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-664\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abb. 2: ER-Modell &#8211; 1 : 1 Beziehung<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffcc00;\"><strong>1 : n Beziehung: <\/strong><\/span>Eine Klasse hat&nbsp;mehre Lehrer &#8211; Mehrere Lehrer haben eine Klasse.<\/h3>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_666\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-666\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-666\" src=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_n.jpg\" alt=\"Abb. 3: ER-Modell - n Beziehung\" width=\"800\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_n.jpg 702w, https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_1_n-300x40.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-666\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abb. 3: ER-Modell &#8211; n Beziehung<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h3><b><span style=\"color: #ffcc00;\">m : n Beziehung: <\/span><\/b>Mehrere Klassen haben mehrere Lehrer &#8211; Mehrere Lehrer haben mehrere Klassen.<\/h3>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_665\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-665\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_m_n.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-665\" src=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_m_n.jpg\" alt=\"Abb. 4: ER-Modell -  m : n Beziehung\" width=\"800\" height=\"107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_m_n.jpg 702w, https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/Modelle_Ausschnitt_m_n-300x40.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-665\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abb. 4: ER-Modell &#8211; m : n Beziehung<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2>Ein Entity-Relationship-Modell am Beispiel Hochschule<\/h2>\r\n<h4>Aufgabe:<\/h4>\r\n<pre>Eine Hochschule ist gegliedert in mehrere Fachbereiche. Ein Fachbereich bietet mehrere Studieng\u00e4nge an. Dozenten geh\u00f6ren zu jeweils einem Fachbereich. Dozenten halten Vorlesungen. Studierende schreiben sich f\u00fcr einen Studiengang ein. Studierende h\u00f6ren Vorlesungen. Geben Sie die Quantit\u00e4ten und beispielhaft einige Attribute an.<\/pre>\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Beispielaufgabe von Prof. Dr.&nbsp; Friedhelm M\u00fcndemann aus dem Skript &#8222;Einf\u00fchrung in die Informatik&#8220; der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vfh.de\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virtuellen Fachhochschule<\/a><\/span><\/p>\r\n<h4>Die Text-Analyse:<\/h4>\r\n<p><span style=\"color: #010000;\">Die Substantive (Entit\u00e4ten) schreibt man in die Rechtecke, in denen immer der Singular verwendet wird: <strong>Hochschule, Fachbereich, Studiengang, Dozent, Vorlesung, Studierender&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><br><br>Die Verben im Text werden als Beziehungen in Rauten notiert: &nbsp;<strong>ist gegliedert, bietet, hat, geh\u00f6ren zu, halten, schreiben sich ein, h\u00f6ren<\/strong><br><br>Die Quantit\u00e4ten werden durch die Verwendung von Singular und Plural definiert: <br>Eine Hochschule (1) &#8211; <span style=\"font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit;\">mehrere Fachbereiche (n)<br>ein Fachbereich (1)- mehrere Studieng\u00e4nge (n)<br>Dozenten (n)- ein Fachbereich (1)<br>Dozenten (m) &#8211; Vorlesungen (n)<br>Studierende (n) &#8211; ein Studiengang (1) <br>Studierende (m) &#8211; Vorlesungen (n)&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p>Beispiele f\u00fcr Attribute von Dozenten sind Name und Fach, ein Schl\u00fcsselattribut f\u00fcr Studierende ist die Matrikelnummer.<\/p>\r\n<h4>Das Modell:<\/h4>\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_684\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-684\" style=\"width: 709px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/ER_Modell_Hochschule-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-684 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/ER_Modell_Hochschule-1.jpg\" alt=\"Abb. 5 : ER-Modell Hochschule\" width=\"709\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/ER_Modell_Hochschule-1.jpg 709w, https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/ER_Modell_Hochschule-1-300x217.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-684\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Abb.5 : ER-Modell Hochschule<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<h2>Historisches zum ER-Modell<\/h2>\r\n<figure style=\"width: 206px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bit.csc.lsu.edu\/~chen\/ChenP_2_B50_600.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/bit.csc.lsu.edu\/~chen\/ChenP_2_B50_600.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Peter Chen - Foto von seiner Homepage\" width=\"206\" height=\"647\"><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Peter Chen &#8211; Foto von seiner <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csc.lsu.edu\/~chen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Homepage<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n<p><span lang=\"de\">Das Originalpapier des Modells stammt von <a title=\"Peter Chen\" href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peter_Chen\">Peter Chen<\/a> und wurde erstmals 1976 an der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsu.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Louisiana State University<\/a> ver\u00f6ffentlicht.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"de\">Der amerikanische Informatiker wurde in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/place\/Taichung,+Taiwan\/@24.2190775,120.3954063,9z\/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x346917dff97922ef:0x87523ee47ea6447f!8m2!3d24.1477358!4d120.6736482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Taichung<\/a> in Taiwan, geboren. Er studierte Elektrotechnik an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ntu.edu.tw\/english\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Taiwan University<\/a> und promovierte in Informatik \/ Angewandte Mathematik an der <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harvard.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harvard University<\/a>. <\/span><span lang=\"de\">Nach einer langen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csc.lsu.edu\/~chen\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">akademischen Laufbahn<\/a> ist er seit 1983 als <\/span><span lang=\"de\">Professor f\u00fcr Informatik an der Louisiana State University t\u00e4tig.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><span lang=\"de\">Dr. Peter Chen hat mehrere <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gristprojectmanagement.us\/software-3\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Auszeichnungen<\/a> erhalten und ist Mitglied des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gristprojectmanagement.us\/software-3\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Airlie Software Council<\/a>, einer Gruppe von Software-Vision\u00e4ren, P\u00e4dagogen und F\u00fchrungskr\u00e4ften von Software-Organisationen.<\/span><span lang=\"de\"><br><\/span><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Das Entity-Relationship-Modell wird heute oft f\u00fcr die konzeptionelle Entwicklung von Datenbanken verwendet. Entit\u00e4ten und Attribute im Entity-Relationship-Modell (Rechtecke und Ovale) Rechtecke (Entit\u00e4ten, Entity) symbolisieren Dinge,&#8230;<\/p>\n<div class=\"more-link-wrapper\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/er-modell\/\">weiterlesen<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Das Entity-Relationship (ER) &#8211; Modell<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,37],"tags":[70,34],"class_list":["post-641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informatik","category-modelle","tag-entity-relationship-modell","tag-er-modell","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Das Entity-Relationship (ER) - Modell - Katja Maximini | work<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Das Entity-Relationship-Modell (ER-Modell) wird heute oft f\u00fcr die konzeptionelle Entwicklung von Datenbanken verwendet.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/er-modell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Das Entity-Relationship (ER) - Modell - Katja Maximini | work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/er-modell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Katja Maximini | work\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-10-11T15:33:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-03-09T07:59:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/maximini.eu\/work\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2020\/10\/ER_Modell-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Katja Maximini\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Verfasst von\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Katja Maximini\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Gesch\u00e4tzte Lesezeit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4\u00a0Minuten\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maximini.eu\\\/work\\\/er-modell\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maximini.eu\\\/work\\\/er-modell\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Katja Maximini\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/maximini.eu\\\/work\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e5568f683596440f38d468287e995bd5\"},\"headline\":\"Das Entity-Relationship (ER) &#8211; 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